U.S. Imperialism and Manifest Destiny Impact U.S. Workplaces - Free Essay Example

American imperialism is a policy that was made for control over mainly politics, the economy and culture. Manifest Destiny was used in order to take over North America they believed that everything they did was justified by religion which was Christianity. How Imperialism and Manifest Destiny Affect American Workplaces Today Imperialism and Manifest Destiny affect American workplaces today because the large-scale companies use Manifest Destiny to get what they want as far as becoming larger. The past few years you can see in the fuel industry how they use Manifest Destiny when they go out and find pieces of land for their company in order to make room to increase. Its the same thing as when the United States was looking for more unmarked land to take over without being bothered by outside people. How American Imperialism has Changed Demographics in My Career Field According to Study.com demographics is the Study of numbers and statistics about a population. From my personal experience I feel that American Imperialism has hurt and helped the demographics in my career field. Being able to work for a large fortune five hundred company that is spread aboard allowed for different diversities and countries to be able to come into the aircraft manufacturing business. The reason being American Imperialism allowed for the aircraft manufacturing business to boost the economy which opened more doors for the United States to make more money. American Imperialism has hurt the demographics in my career field according to Communist Party USA Workers in countries like the United States are harmed by the super-exploitation of workers in the poor countries is by greatly increasing the concentration of wealth in fewer and fewer hands â€Å"fewer and bigger monopolistic corporations richer and richer individuals. This increases the power, including the politi cal power, of those corporations and individuals in our own country, with deleterious effects on all aspects of our society, including especially our electoral politics and labor relations. In recent years, U.S. elections have increasingly become matches between candidates who can line up the most corporate and billionaire campaign donors. One Group Affected by United States Immigration and Expansion During Manifest Destiny the Chinese and Hispanic was affected during that time around the 19th century. In the year 2018 the Hispanic culture is still affected by the United States Immigration and expansion. There all new immigration laws in affect and in the United States there are talks of placing barriers and walls to keep immigrants out from Mexico. As white Americans pushed west, they not only collided with Indian tribes but also with Hispanic Americans and Chinese immigrants. Hispanics in the Southwest had the opportunity to become American citizens at the end of the Mexican-American war, but their status was markedly second-class. Chinese immigrants arrived en masse during the California Gold Rush and numbered in the hundreds of thousands by the late 1800s, with the majority living in California, working menial jobs. These distinct cultural and ethnic groups strove to maintain their rights and way of life in the face of persistent racism and entitlement. But the large number o f white settlers and government-sanctioned land acquisitions left them at a profound disadvantage. Ultimately, both groups withdrew into homogenous communities in which their language and culture could survive. Conclusion Over the years the United States and many surrounding countries have endured changes from American Imperialism and Manifest Destiny. It is on the citizens to vote for changes and be aware of what is going in their community, cultures and all around the world to keep from have more conflict and war from the choices made from American Imperialism and Manifest Destiny. References D. W. (n.d.). Retrieved November 18, 2018, from https://study.com/academy/lesson/how-demographics-are-changing-in-america.html Schepers, E. (2017, April 13). Imperialism in the 21st Century affects Americans, too. Retrieved November 18, 2018, from https://www.cpusa.org/article/imperialism-in-the-21st-century-affects-americans-too/ Courses.lumenlearning.com. (2018). The Impact of Expansion on Chinese Immigrants and Hispanic Citizens | US History II (OS Collection). [online] Available at: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-ushistory2os2xmaster/chapter/the-impact-of-expansion-on-chinese-immigrants-and-hispanic-citizens/ [Accessed 18 Nov. 2018].

Ignorance Is Not A Bliss - 1765 Words

Ignorance Is Not a Bliss In his excerpt â€Å"Idiot Nation,† from his 2001 book Stupid White Men and Other Sorry Excuses for the State of the Nation, Michael Moore argues that the American education system has failed to properly educate its students and has instead produced a standardized citizenry incapable of developing its own opinions and beliefs. As a political activist, the author is angered by how ignorant the country has become and continues to be, and tries to prove to his audience the need for an improved, better structured education system. He intends to change his young audience’s perspective on education by using a witty, sarcastic tone, by using personal anecdotes, and by providing evidential data that further support his case. Moore challenges and belittles authority, in order to motivate his audience and show them that they can become activists for their own education, that they have a voice to be heard. Moore fears for the future of the nation because he, himself, has gone through the system and understands the flaws within. During his early schooling, he was given the opportunity to skip first grade, but his mom pleaded that he would â€Å"always be the youngest and littlest kid through [his] schools years,† (126) so she prevented him from advancing to second grade. Since then, Moore has had the notion that schools are not nurturing the students’ minds, instead they force kids to â€Å"submerge any personal expression† (136). He grew up in an environment that suppressedShow MoreRelatedIgnorance is not Bliss Essay928 Words   |  4 Pagesof weight than children living in the hovels of Gaza, Palestine. After all, with very few sources of information, how can the American population understand anything, much less why a multitude of things make other cultures angry? Unfortunately, ignorance is where isolationism rests. Our foreign policy shows quite clearly that non-intervention is out. Not when non-intervention would cost us easy access to foreign resources, specifically foreign oil. The middle east has been dominated by war forRead MoreOedipus Rex - Bliss in Ignorance860 Words   |  4 Pageshimself would have saved Oedipus and his children/siblings much agony. However, in the typical Greek tragedy, we must see his fall from grace through, which is indeed what happens. In the bliss of ignorance, much pain and difficulty is averted. For what worries does the ignorant man have? In the case of Oedipus, ignorance would have suited him fine. The Socratic quote the unexamined life is not worth living certainly doesn t hold true in the case of Oedipus Rex. While it may hold importance and a substantialRead MoreIgnorance Is Bliss In Animal Farm1008 Words   |  5 Pages Chloe Tibbs Mrs.Weiss Honors English 9 9 August, 2017 Ignorance is Bliss During the course of mankind society has been subject to an endless line of good and bad leaders. In society it’s typically ruler to ruled, and often the ruled are mistreated and tricked by the ruler. Animal Farm is a prime example of the ruler to ruled stereotype. Leaders are someone society looks to for guidance, when the storm is too rough to bare on their own. Followers are devotee’s to a person, cause orRead MoreThe, Ignorance Is Bliss, By Albert Einstein And Steven Hawking1205 Words   |  5 PagesThere is a famous saying that goes, â€Å"Ignorance is bliss;† when superficially examining this saying, one might conclude that some things are better left unknown. After analyzing the maxim, one might be provoked to ask if an omniscient mind is superior. After all, it is geniuses such as Albert Einstein and Steven Hawking who acclaim their fame from their brilliance. Although the perception of knowledge varies, when earned, knowledge engenders an en lightenment and purity of mind; however, as evincedRead MoreIgnorance Is Not Bliss. Fox News Blared From The Television767 Words   |  4 PagesIgnorance is Not Bliss Fox news blared from the television as I walked into my grandparents’ house for Thanksgiving. Titles from the broadcast included: â€Å" HYPOCRITICAL THREAT? Obama takes heat over warning states can t legally refuse Syrian refugees.† â€Å"Names of key Paris attackers were known to Belgian mayor in 2014† â€Å"ISIS parks its cash in Bitcoin, experts say.† â€Å"Russia deploys missiles in Syria after Turkey shoots down bomber.† These are a few of the headlines that assaulted me as I greetedRead More Ignorance Is Bliss in Flannery OConnors Good Country People1067 Words   |  5 PagesFlannery OConnors Good Country People has a steady demonstration of irony, much of it based on the title of the story. Ignorance is also a major issue in the work, both Ms. Freeman and Ms. Hopewell exhibit this clearly. However ironically, Hulga exhibits this with her knowledge. She takes pride in her own intellect and in her knowledge of existentialism. Hulgas exi stentialist ideas come crashing down because of her naà ¯vetà © and lack of dependence on others. Hulga believes she is self sustainedRead MoreIgnorance, Ignorance And Ignorance1136 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to Mark Lilla’s â€Å"Ignorance and Bliss†, â€Å"The source of the proverb Ignorance is Bliss is a poem by the 18th century English poet Thomas Gray, who wrote in passing: â€Å"Where ignorance is bliss/ Tis folly to be wise† (Lilla). At the time the proverb was referring to the Enlightenment and Christianity’s glorification of blind faith, and its renunciation of both scientific reason and philosophical inquiry; however, today, it can be interpreted as whether or not man has the ability to maintainRead MoreTheme Of Ignorance In The House Of The Scorpion804 Words   |  4 Pagessincere ignorance and conscientious stupidity., says Martin Luther King Jr. Truer words have never been spoken, for when ignorance is bliss, there is a steep price t o pay. In The House of the Scorpion, Nancy Farmer creates a character named Matteo Alacrà ¡n, and for the first half of the book, he is ignorance personified. When Matt learns the truth about his identity, his bubble of bliss is shattered, but perhaps it was for his own good. The great poet Thomas Gray writes, Where ignorance is bliss, / TisRead More A Comparison of Ignorance in The Tempest and Sonnet 93 Essay936 Words   |  4 PagesIgnorance in The Tempest and Sonnet 93      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ignorance has been said to be bliss.   To equate appearance with reality is a facet of ignorance, and leads to a part of the bliss.   Many of Shakespeares characters find the bliss of ignorance and revel in it, and some end up coming to terms with their gullibility.   Some few are unwilling to abandon their ignorance even when they can see real truth.   All are experiencing different stages of the human cycle.   Coming into the world, we are equippedRead MoreThe Matrix, By The Wachowski Brothers1454 Words   |  6 PagesIn the film, â€Å"The Matrix,† written by the Wachowski Brothers we see the great effects of being ignorant to the truth as all sense of reality is inexistent. In connection with Plato’s philosophies, the questions of blissful ignorance and what really makes reality are aspects of our lives that we ponder in search for truth and what is real. We know that what is clear and true to us is our individual sense of reality that co mes from the knowing of tr uth, our perceptions and beliefs in our minds. Though

Business Environment Especially in Technology

Question: Discuss about the Business Environment Especially in Technology. Answer: Profitable Customer Relationships in E-commerce Business Nowadays, rapid changes have been taking place in the business environment especially in technology. There are an increased number of internet users across the globe. Occurrence of such changes in the tastes and preferences of the customers and technology forces businesses to adopt online or e-commerce business model instead of traditional brick and mortar outlets. In order to establish a new business, it is requisite to gather information related to the changes taking place in the business environment where the business has to be set up. Nowadays, entrepreneurs plan to establish an online business as customers prefer to shop online rather than visiting to the traditional retail outlet. This is because; online business provides them convenience to receive products and services at their doorsteps by placing its order online (Phan, 2003). In addition to this, online businesses also provide them opportunity to either make the payment for the goods ordered online or can also make the payment at the time of delivery. Besides this, customers can also compare the products of different companies in terms of features, price, time of delivery, discounts offered and return policy. For example, e-bay offers online auctions of products and services. It acts as a middleman between sellers and buyers who bids and sells the products on the marketplace of e-bay. The company uses PayPal, payment system through which the sellers and buyers can easily make the payment of the goods and services. Besides this, there is also a requirement of understanding the needs of the customers by the company in order to make decisions related to the products and services to be offered to the customers. It is essential for the companies to make significant investments in establishing strong customer relationships. The company offers vouchers and issue membership cards in order to encourage them to make repeat purchases. Along with this, e-commerce businesses also provide 24x7 customer support in order to resolve the queries of the customers in a quick and convenient manner (Comb, 2004). Customers can provide feedback on the site which is reviewed by the employees and strategies have been formulated by considering the feedback in order to provide high quality products and services to them. This in turn helps in achieving high level of customer satisfaction. Keeping track of the trends in the tastes and preferences of the customers facilitates in providing customised products to them for the purpose of fulfilling their needs and demands. Nowadays, companies provide opportunity to its customers to provide the requirements regarding the features to be added in the product in order to provide tailored products to fulfil their needs. This helps in attracting large number of customers. This helps to achieve a competitive advantage over its competitors. Provision of customisation by e-commerce companies helps in gaining competitive advantage over its competitors by differentiating their products (Orlando, 2009). Use of internet helps customers to make comparisons of the prices of the products with standard features. Along with this, it also help companies to gain insights regarding the designs and preferences of the customers as they have gained a track of real time information of the customer preferences. This helps them to stay ahead of their competitors. For example, Brook Brothers uses the information gathered from its customers to provide the products and services aligned with their tastes and preferences in the next season in order to fulfil their demands. Besides this, Oakley has met with the strong customer demand by making mass customisation offerings across different categories which in turn facilitates in increasing the return on investment of the company. Besides this, the online store named Serena Lily offer the opportunity to its shoppers to design their own bedding combinations. Along with this, it is also requisite for the online business to provide secured online payment sy stem. Customers are reluctant to provide their personal details on the online site dear to fear of unauthorised use of the information (Comb, 2004). Online companies have made a secured payment system and promises customers that their information will be kept confidential. Along with this, e-commerce businesses also focus on making their websites attractive in visual terms. This helps in attracting more number of customers. In addition to this, if customers find difficulty in making use of the website for carrying out different transactions then company will face attracting customers which has a negative impact on the growth of the business. Customers prefer to shop online from those companies which has simple to use features on their websites and does not take long processing time to complete the transaction. This is the reason that it is requisite for the companies to focus on increasing the operation efficiency of their websites by managing traffic load in an effective and efficient manner (Phan, 2003). The use of internet forces companies to lower their prices as customers can easily compare the prices of the product offered by different players in the market at no or negligible cost. This is the reason that companies have adopted a product bundling strategy i.e. offering a combination of products in order to differentiate it from its competitors and makes it difficult for customers to compare the prices (Lpez, 2013). For example, Gateway offer computers along with its internet services in order to prevent the hurdle of reduction in the prices of computers. In addition to this, AOL has merged with Time Warner in order to provide different additional services like music and on demand television on computer, e-mail services on mobile phones with its existing services. This helps in selling the services at higher prices and becomes less expensive because it is sold to the existing customers. This results in reducing the threat from substitute products and competition in the market (Co mb, 2004). Along with this, use of internet for offering products and services to customers also results in reducing the cost of the business due to elimination of the middle man. In addition to this, it also provide opportunity to businesses to collect information from the customers regarding their tastes and preferences in order to provide them customised products for which they are ready to pay high prices. This results in increasing the sales and profits of the business and helps in achieving a competitive edge over its rivals (Evans, 2014). Besides this, e-commerce companies also expand their product lines by sharing the activities and transferring of the skills such as distribution and promotion. This results in reducing the cost and increasing the profits of the business and thereby achieving a competitive advantage over others. This also helps in achieving economies of scale as sharing of the activities leads in effective and efficient use of the resources of the company such as technical expertise, market information and knowledge. For example, Amazon sells personal computers to its customers by holding no inventory and shipped it to the customer directly from the distributor. This also results in saving of inventory holding cost. In order to differentiate the products and services offered to customers, companies adopt a dialogue based marketing through which companies provide information related to products and services to customers along with the collection of the information from them and engaging them in data mi ning. This helps companies to customise the products as per the needs of the customers so as to fulfil their needs. This results in building strong and profitable relationships with its customers which in turn helps in attaining a competitive advantage (Combe, 2012). In addition to this, provision of the opportunity to customers to share their experiences related to the services and products purchased from the company on the website helps in attracting more number of customers. This is because, reviews of the existing customers helps in creating an image in the minds of new customers regarding the company or the brand. Companies such as Amazon and Dell Computers have implemented affiliated programs in order to track the purchases made by the customers and attain potential customers. Along with this, it is also requisite for the e-businesses to deliver products and services to its customers in an effective manner (Behesbti, Sangari and Engstrom, 2006). For this purpose, there is a requirement of fully automated distribution warehouses by the e-businesses so as to meet the demands of the customers through internet. For example, Amazon has made investments in physical assets in order to distribute its products in an effective manner in order to comp ete with Barnes Noble in an effective manner (Orlando, 2009). Besides this, e-businesses can also attain more number of customers by increasing the search engine optimisation. It is requisite for the e-businesses to display the name of the company in top search results by the use of some specific keywords. This helps in increasing the ranking in the search results. Along with this, another factor that helps companies to attain competitive advantage is the use of appropriate design of the sites. In addition to this, it is also the requirement of the e-businesses to focus on certain issues that can be faced by them such as access of the information electronically by the hackers and security issues related to transferring of the corporate information. It is essential for the organisations to adapt to new technologies in order to increase the operational efficiency of the websites (Pilinkienel, Kurschus and Auskalnyte, 2013). This helps in attracting more number of customers as they get faster response to their queries and requirements. The companies also required providing training to its personnel related to the skills and expertise required to perform different tasks electronically for the purpose of dealing with is stakeholders such as suppliers and customers to achieve high level of satisfaction. This in turn results in building strong brand image and capture large market share. Businesses can reach large number of customers across the globe by going online. In addition to this, entering into strategic alliances help businesses to expand their product line which also helps in providing economies of scale which in turn helps in increasing its profitability. Along with this, due to increase in the number of online companies, it is requisite for the companies to deliver the products and services to customers in less time in order to reduce the switching cost. Besides this, nowadays companies also provide effective return policy to customers in case if the customers are not satisfied with the features provided in t he product as mentioned on the website then it can be returned back and replace it with the defined requirements (Comb, 2004). Along with this, e-businesses also adopt viral marketing in which the links of the online sites is given on the web pages of other companies. This helps in increasing the credibility of the businesses. It also helps in creating a positive brand image among the customers. This helps in providing a competitive edge over its rivals. This promotional technique has helped in increasing the reach of the e-business to large number of audiences in microseconds (Azadi, 2011). It can be concluded that increase in the use of internet by the customers compe companies to adopt online business model as it facilitates customers to make order online and receive products at their doorsteps. Besides this, it also provides opportunity to customers to make comparisons of different products offered by different companies virtually in terms of features and prices in order to make purchase decision. It facilitates in increasing the sales and profits of the company. It is also summarised that e-commerce businesses also track the information related to the tastes and preferences of customers and customise the products aligned to it in order to get high level of customer satisfaction. Online businesses such as Serena Lily offer the opportunity to customers to customise the products as per their needs. This results in building profitable customer relationship which helps in attaining a competitive advantage over its competitors. Thus, it can be said that along with the ma intenance of the profitable customer relationships, there is a requirement to consider other aspects as well by online businesses in order to gain competitive advantage. References Azadi, S. 2011. Strategies for Competitive Advantage in Electronic Commerce. Emerging Markets Journal 1, pp. 59-69. Behesbti, H.M., Sangari, E.S. and Engstrom, A. 2006. Competitive advantage with e-business: A survey of large American and Swedish Firms. CR 16(2), pp. 150-157. Comb, C. 2004. Assessing Customer Relationship Management Strategies For Creating Competitive Advantage In Electronic Business. Journal of Knowledge Management Practice. [Online]. Available at: https://www.tlainc.com/articl72.htm [Accessed on: 13 August 2016]. Combe, C. 2012. Introduction to E-Business. Routledge. Evans, M. 2014. 12 E-Commerce Strategies To Grow Your Business This Year. [Online]. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/allbusiness/2014/01/16/12-e-commerce-strategies-to-grow-your-business-this-year/#53d3e656ec9d [Accessed on: 13 August 2016]. Lpez, F.J.M. 2013. Handbook of Strategic e-Business Management. Springer Science Business Media. Orlando, A. 2009. E-commerce uptake as SMEs seek a competitive advantage. [Online]. Available at: https://www.businessnews.com.au/article/E-commerce-uptake-as-SMEs-seek-a-competitive-advantage [Accessed on: 13 August 2016]. Phan, D.D. 2003. E-business development for competitive advantages: a case study. Information Management 40, pp. 581-590. Pilinkienel, V., Kurschus, R.J. and Auskalnyte, G. 2013. E-business as a source of competitive advantage. Economics and Management 18(1), pp. 77-85.

The History Of The World.The History Of The World.The History Of The W

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Agile software development Essays

Agile software development Essays Agile software development Essay Agile software development Essay That is the application Of he skills, knowledge and methods of project management to deliver a project that is on time, according to budget and specification (AMP 2006, p. 2). There are two main methods of managing a project. A general summary of the agile approach, as well as the Scrum process, will be explained. In addition, the Waterfall method along with the spiral model, will be discussed respectively. As this essay progresses, a critical analysis considering the edge, shortcomings and major variance of the Agile and Waterfall Methodologies, will be considered in terms of project success. Risk Management that is the ell-organized process of identifying, analyzing and monitoring Project risk (MAMBO, 2004, p. 111) will be explained. Furthermore, the practice of stipulating requirements by analyzing stakeholder needs and the method Of systematically studying and fine-tuning those specifications known as Requirement engineering will also be explained, in terms of its relevance to project success. A conclusion will get documented at the end of all these findings and recommendations about best practices will be delivered. The highest priority is to satisfy the customer through early and continuous delivery of valuable software (Has, 2007, p. 4). This is a statement from the agile manifesto that was compiled by a group of seventeen people called the Agile Alliance. They set up the basic structure of agile in February, 2001 in Utah, ASSAI. It is a project management method that is flexible and allows an iterative and incremental development to managing a project. This means t hat it ensures the client works closely with the software developers, to make sure the desired outcome gets archived (Has, 2007, p. 3). In addition, it releases small parts of the application to reduce risk (Dawson, 2009, p. 128). According to the agile manifesto (Agglomerations, 2014) there are some reminisces associated with the agile approach. These principles stress the prominent status of developers and how they collaborate with customers. They also emphasize on early and continuous release of the project, and they have a very high tolerance to change in requirements. The various agile methodologies are Scrum, Extreme Programming, Lean, Dynamic Systems Development Method, Crystal, and Feature-Driven Development (Haycocks, 2014, p. 1). They share many of the same values, characteristics, and practices but a different standpoint when it comes to implementation (ibid. ). Scrum is a project management model suitable for projects with complicated requirements (Haycocks, 2009, p. 331). The name Scrum is a Rugby strategy that uses teamwork to return a ball that has gone out of play, back into the game. (Haycocks, 2009, p. 451 In Scrum, projects pass through a set of iterations called sprints. The length of a sprint can be as short as one to two weeks or could stretch up to one month. However, the software development team is in total control of deciding how long it lasts. Everybody in the project team works mutually to achieve the set of tasks they have collectively pledged o develop during a sprint. A concise gathering named The Daily Scrum is held every day during the sprint, and it aids in establishing the view of the days job (Schwab, 2004, p. 28). When a sprint ends, the small part of the application that got developed is tested, and if it works correctly, it is considered as shippable. The shippable software gets deployed to get feedback from the client (Wiggeries and Beauty, 2013). The three major roles, when implementing Scrum, are scrum master, product owner, and the team (Schwab, 2004, p. 55). The Scrum Master helps the project team and the product owner overcome obstacles. While, the product owner ensures the business rules are followed, makes plans and sets the priorities in terms of the product backlog. The team converts these backlogs into shippable products during the sprint (ibid. ). The waterfall project process follows a sequential pattern i. E. Room top to bottom thus, the term waterfall (Dallier and Broodier 2007, p. 12). It is a rigid and sequential method to project management. In addition, it follows a command and control management style (Haycocks, 2012, p. 42). With this approach, each stage of the whole project has been given a deadline and planned before the project commences. For this reason, starting any project needs a clear plan and vision Emphasis is laid on project planning and documentation (Haycocks, 201 2, p. 42). With this, timetables and budgets are more accurate, which leads to customer satisfaction. The main stages of a Waterfall approach are requirement analysis, design, implementation, testing/verification and maintenance (Dallier and Broodier 2007, p. 12). Application of a waterfall model can be either incremental or linear Haycocks (201 2, p. 42). The spiral model is comparable to the incremental waterfall approach, with extra stress on risk analysis. The four stages of this method re Planning Risk Analysis, Engineering, and Evaluation (Dallier and Broodier 2007, p. 17). During the planning stage of this model, requirement specifications are collected and documented. In addition, a procedure is carried out to know the risk involved in the project and prepare an alternative solution. At the end of this stage, a prototype is created, and if there is any risk found while analyzing, a different solution is suggested and implemented. The actual project gets developed in the engineering stage of the spiral model and testing is done at the end of this stage. The evaluation stage is the time hen customers can appraise output of part of the project that is ready before the next spiral commences (Wasteful, 2009, p. 133). An example of the linear waterfall project management approach is the structured system analysis and design model (SAD). Project success or failure is often defined by the ability of a project to react to change (Robert and Mica, 2006). For this purpose, a project manager needs to make a plan that is flexible and ready to fine-tune to changes in the business environment. The agile approach allows customers to work closely with the developers, to ensure the desired outcome is reached (Has, 2007). It gives a fabulously flexible design pattern, encouraging a change in plan during development. A small part of the software gets developed during a sprint, and feedback is obtained from the client concurrently (Highlights, 2002, p. 245). This process allows the customer to spot the features they do not like and add new features to make the software more up to date with new trends in their field. On the other hand, a waterfall approach does not consider the changing needs of the Customer. Just like Water flows over the edge of a waterfall and does not flow backward, this approach has a pattern related to the real waterfall. Requirements agreed upon at the beginning of the project are almost impossible to restructure (Haycocks, 201 2, p. 2). Changing the design at any stage of the software development can be chaotic. It is extremely uncompromising and rigid. The rigid structure refers to the fact that, if a fault is in the initial requirement of the project, the entire process has to start all over (ibid. ). Although the waterfall model is intolerant to change, this helps focus on delivering the project at the agreed time (Haycocks, 201 2, p. 39). It is a success factor, considering a plan that has a fixed requirement and delivery ate. It will be easier to make an adequate plan to deliver the software, on the agreed date and time. However, because of tolerance to change in an agile project management approach, it is hard to stick to a final release date because of the requirement changes (Blanknesss et al. , 2011 Imagine a scenario, whereby the software application is essential to a particular event, and the client makes several significant changes to the initial requirements. It will lead to an extension of the release date and eventually when the project is ready it will be useless to the client. So using the waterfall model will be a eye factor for project success in this scenario. Haycocks (2014, p. 6) explains that testing runs in one of the last stages of a Waterfall project management approach. It means that if a bug exists in a part of the software written at the beginning of the project, the chances that this bug will affect the future areas of the software is very high. It makes fixing this bug time-consuming and very expensive. On the contrary, when an agile sprint is complete, the unit of the appli cation undergoes testing, and if it works correctly, it is then deployed to get feedback from the client. If the feedback IS negative, an iteration begins to effect the changes (Wiggeries and Beauty, 2013). It is easier to identify bugs earlier with this approach. According to Steepness (2005, p. 38) documentation is a significant part of software development. It is a secure storage for the teams knowledge about the project. The waterfall documentation process is more reliable than agile because it is plan oriented (Haycocks, 2012, p. 42). An example would be the case whereby a developer leaves a project. In this case, it is easier for a new software developer to take his position, following the documentation without issues because this approach necessitates thorough documentation and planning. In the case of Agile, communication between customers and developers is favored over excessive documentation (Agglomerations, 2014). Developers need to be committed for the duration of the project, for this approach to work effectively. If one person leaves the development team, it could become a disaster as it will be difficult for a new developer to step into the shoes of the one who quit. Neither the Agile nor the Waterfall approach is fundamentally better than the other. Each approach has its uses for instance; Waterfall inclines to be best for static projects, where many changes will not occur throughout the process. In contrast, Agile is better when the end goal Of the project is not clear, the requirements are hazy and the business environment is ambiguous. Agile requires a team of skilled developers who have excellent communication skills and a solid principle of teamwork. Nevertheless, with the extent of customer participation and tolerance to change, Agile has a higher success tendency over the waterfall model in the ever-changing business environment. In order to boost the possibilities of project success, it is essential for a project manager to understand prospective risks (Mobbed and Parker 2002). Then hectically and quantitatively evaluate these risks, predict possible causes, effects, and select a suitable approach to managing these risks (ibid. ). Risk is an unlikely occurrence that holds a positive or negative impact on a projects goals (Haycocks, 2009, p. 40). When negative events are planned for in advance, it will lead to project success because a line of action would be in place for the event. MAMBO, (2004, p. 1 1 1) defines risk management as the well-organized process of identifying, analyzing, responding and monitoring Project risk. It means that, the process takes account of exploiting the usability and costs that definite risks have, reduces the likelihood and costs that negative risks attract. Risk management processes need to be clearly built into decision-making so as to ensure that the potential risks get managed efficiently (Lam et al. , 2007,). This process is used to examine, regulate, reduce loss, mitigate risks by proper planning avoid dissatisfactory projects and improve profit margins (ibid. ). It is an essential tool for determining project viability. The principles of risk management promote quality development and budget estimation by identifying and mitigating Seibel risks before the project Starts (Sounds and Million, 2010). TO ensure a project IS successful, it sets processes that give stakeholders the correlated risk notice early, so as to take remedial actions that will allow a realistic time and budget estimates (ibid. ). These principles develop team participation, by implementing a tool for reporting possible problems and increasing the teams involvement in the overall project success (Hodge, 2002, p. 18 22). Recording risk is a lasting process that ensures that these unlikely events get considered in decisions making process (ibid. ). The purpose of recording these risks is to trace the actions taken to reduce risks. It presents backup strategies that should get summoned, if a risk occurs and has details of cost involved in mitigation of risks. The record can also be used to prove that risk management has taken place (Haycocks, 2009). Lexington and Signalman (2002), have acknowledged that there is an obvious link, connecting the measure of managing risk practiced during a project and the height of success in a project. They also discovered that when risk management got implemented early in a project, the chances of project success is very high. Also, it is important for risk to get estimated at the project brief stage because it helps the generation of the necessary project outcome and raises the chances of the overall success. It will become a real problem in the life cycle Of a project if a significant risk is not identified and mitigated (ibid. ). A software project that gets accomplished within the anticipated time frame and cost, apparently shows that the requirements were understood and documented correctly in the early stage of the project. Requirement is a software competence desired by the user, to resolve a problem or accomplish goal (Lifelong and Wide 2000). Owing to this, all software consists of several requirements. If one of the requirements gets omitted, the project cannot be considered as successful. Requirement engineering represents both the practice of stipulating requirements by analyzing stakeholder needs and the method of systematically studying and fine-tuning those specifications (Hofmann, 2000). The principal outcome of requirement engineering is a specification. A specification is a brief account of the requirements that software must gratify. That is, the condition and capabilities a system must have, to conform to a standard (ibid. . Preferably, a specification allows stakeholders to swiftly study about the software, and developers to comprehend what needs to get implemented. Requirement Engineering comprises of four distinct but connected activities namely, elicitation and analysis, modeling validation and verification (Hull et al 2005). These activities will most likely contrast in timing and intensity for different projects. Typically, the first process would be to elicit requirements from whatever sources available (repositories, current software, or experts). The process of eliciting and modeling requirements are interconnected (ibid). Modeling illustrates a supposed way out in the perspective of an application domain using formal, informal, or semi-formal notations (ibid. ). The continuing normalization Of such ideals in terms of the requirements clues to an acceptable candidate specification, which must be validated and verified (Grady, 1998). This process helps stakeholders correct misinterpretations as early as possible, by giving them the analysis of their requirements (ibid. ). Requirement elicitation is a matter of talking to customers or evaluating documents, but there are more than one elicitation techniques offered (Households and Has, 2008). Some lay emphasis on group sessions in terms of focus groups or workshops; there are others that are engaged mainly to elicit requirements for precise kinds of systems(ibid. ). For instance, developers regularly use sorts, laddering methods, and repertory grids in stating knowledge -based systems. It also contains those actions that search how software can meet organizational objectives, what substitutes exist, and how they impact stakeholders (Somerville, 2011 , p. 100). Modeling Specialists have recommended many modeling techniques and specification languages for precise and consistent requirements (ibid. . By tradition, these procedures have divided the functional, behavioral, and data aspects of requirements and stated software by making one or more different models. Prototypes strive to produce a working model that stakeholders can experience right away (Poll and Erupt, 201 1). According to Young (2004), the idea Of validating requirements is to guarantee that they meet the stakeholders purposes. In other words, validation makes sure these requirements conform to stakeholder business rules. On the other hand, Verification defines if specification conforms to the allocated requirements Hull et al. , 2005). It means that, it examines a specification for inner consistency by mathematical proofs or inspection techniques. Proportioning requirement is an important point in validating and verifying requirements. Taking care of high -priority needs before considering low-priority once, can reduce the cost and duration off project (ibid. ). In conclusion, project management is necessary and choosing an approach that best suits a project is essential to project success. Although there are different methodologies for the project management, Agile and waterfall are the two primary methods. It s clear that a Waterfall approach supports a sequential structure. In addition, it goes through the requirement engineering, design, implementation, testing and deployment phases respectively. Once a phase is concluded it is almost impossible to revert to the previous stage. Agile is a flexible approach and supports an incremental and iterative approach to project management. It encourages collaboration between the customer and the development team. The team observes the principles of the agile manifesto throughout the lifestyle of the project. It is clear in this essay that, both approaches have their edge and shortcomings. Determining a methodology to accomplish a project is entirely dependent on the type of project. The liberty agile presents, to change, is paramount to project success. So if there is a plan that all the requirements are vague and the result is hazy, it is recommended to use an agile approach. On the other hand, a Waterfall model can be used when there are not ambiguous requirements. In other words, all requirements are known and fixed. Risk management and Requirement Engineering are paramount in the lifestyle of a project. Proper risk management helps in predicting the outcome of the project while Requirement Engineering contributes to communicating and identifying the purpose of a project, and the circumstances in which it will get used.

Terroism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Terroism - Essay Example The age old adage that â€Å"one man’s terrorist is another man’s freedom fighter† (Bergesen & Lizardo 39) remains true and the term terrorist has been notoriously difficult to define. Seeking to address the difficult definitional questions surrounding these terms, this essay will compare and contrast the definitions offered by Chailand and Hoffman, scholars at the forefront in the study of the terrorist phenomenon. Taking a comprehensive look at global terrorism, we will define and address state terrorism as well as religious terrorism with an eye to the historical antecedents for the modern terrorist phenomenon. We look at the implosion of empires and state authority and how the end of empire has precipitated the growth of terrorism. Finally, we turn to the internationalization of terrorism and will describe both the causalities and consequences of terrorism in the twenty first century? Despite the definitional challenges surrounding the terrorist phenomenon, a definition of â€Å"terrorism† is integral to this essay and this term must be defined so as to provide our theoretical basis. Bruce Hoffman, world renowned terror scholar and expert of the use of terror as a political tool, understands the slippery nature of defining the term and argues that first and foremost, terrorism is a political concept. Secondly, terror is about power and the use of this power to enact political change (Hoffman 14-15). Another prominent international terror theorist, Gà ©rard Chaliand, terror is a tool which targets the mind. From this perspective, terror is â€Å"the most violent form of psychological warfare† (Chaliand et al. viii) and terrorism is a means to power and control through violent means. While both of these definitions shed insight into the terrorist phenomenon, Dr. Mia Bloom, the world’s foremost expert on the suicide terror phenomenon, defines t errorism in a different fashion. According to Bloom, terrorism is â€Å"premeditated,

Atlas Copco Group's Corporate Strategic Audit Essay

Atlas Copco Group's Corporate Strategic Audit - Essay Example Over the past years, Atlas Copco has focused all it recourses in strengthening its position in key market areas like India, China and Brazil. This determination of the company to hold strong of its market region has been the drive to its good performance. A flexible business model, as strong market position and the companies focus in innovation provides a perfect environment for the company to outperform its peers and capturing business opportunities. The stable cash flow of the company has enabled it to be in a position to distribute significant capital to its shareholders while at the same time simultaneously retaining the flexibility to act in its growth strategy. This information was not mentioned in the interview but additional research has been done to support the information. This information that follows was not mentioned in the interview but additional research has been done to support the information. Atlas Copco corporate strategy is to establish a strong business position in various industries and markets. The company also ensures the evaluation and monitoring of all business functional areas while making corporate strategy. The main strategy for Atlas Copco is to discover and expand in the new market. It is determined to capture markets that are unexploited over different demographics to enhance sale of the products. The company is focused in using both the vertical and horizontal integration. This is the reason why the cost of production is always low. Concentration strategy is also used by the company which is part of the growth strategy and all the two are directional strategy to improve the image of its brand. Atlas Copco’s is based on decentralized authority and responsibilities. The operation of Atlas Copco’s is comprised of 22 divisions and is structured in four business areas. Each operation unit is comprised of a business board which reflects the group operational structure. The company has put in